Ṛgveda · Mandala 7 · Sūkta 59 · Mantra 12

Tryambaka mantra

Commonly called the Mahāmṛtyuñjaya mantra in later devotional usage, this page keeps the Vedic source identity primary: Ṛgveda 7.59.12 in the Śākala Saṃhitā, with Rudra as the deity, Maitrāvaruṇi Vasiṣṭha as the traditional seer attribution, and Anuṣṭubh as the metre.

Vedic accents preservedŚākala SaṃhitāRudra · VasiṣṭhaAnuṣṭubh metreVerified 22 August 2026
Canonical text · accent-bearing Devanagari
त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहे सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम् ।
उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान्मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ मामृता॑त् ॥१२॥

Accent integrity: this primary block follows the reusable Sanskrit Wikisource transcription of Ṛgveda 7.59.12 and was cross-checked against the Vedic Heritage Portal’s current Śākala Saṃhitā page. The accent marks are part of the Vedic reading tradition and are not decorative typography.

Plain Devanagari reading presentation

त्र्यम्बकं यजामहे सुगन्धिं पुष्टिवर्धनम् ।
उर्वारुकमिव बन्धनान्मृत्योर्मुक्षीय मामृतात् ॥१२॥

Unaccented IAST reading aid

tryambakaṃ yajāmahe sugandhiṃ puṣṭivardhanam |
urvārukam iva bandhanān mṛtyor mukṣīya māmṛtāt || 7.59.12 ||

The IAST is an unaccented reading aid derived from the displayed Sanskrit and checked against the source’s padapāṭha segmentation. It does not attempt to encode the Vedic pitch accents in Latin script.

Vedic identity

Start with Ṛgveda 7.59.12, then distinguish later devotional reception

The mantra is famous far beyond its original hymn. A provenance-first reference therefore needs to keep three layers distinct: the Ṛgvedic verse, its source metadata, and later devotional names or practices.

Source work

Ṛgveda · Mandala 7 · Sūkta 59 · Mantra 12

Sanskrit Wikisource places the verse at the end of Sūkta 7.59. The Vedic Heritage Portal likewise identifies it as mantra 12 of the Śākala Saṃhitā hymn. The page therefore uses the precise source identity rather than treating “Mahāmṛtyuñjaya” as though it were the printed canonical title of the Ṛgvedic verse.

Ṛṣi attribution

Maitrāvaruṇi Vasiṣṭha

The Vedic Heritage metadata names Maitrāvaruṇi Vasiṣṭha for this mantra. Sanskrit Wikisource also heads the hymn with Vasiṣṭha attribution. SlokaSandra records that traditional source metadata without inventing a biographical episode or claiming that one later story is required to understand the verse.

Devatā

Rudra

The source metadata assigns verses 1–11 to the Maruts and verse 12 separately to Rudra. That change inside the hymn matters. Later devotional practice commonly associates Tryambaka with Shiva; SlokaSandra can describe that reception as traditional usage, while keeping the Vedic source label “Rudra” visible and primary.

Chandas

Anuṣṭubh

The Vedic Heritage Portal marks the twelfth mantra as Anuṣṭubh, distinct from the metres used by the earlier verses of the hymn. The metre belongs in the provenance record because Vedic text is not just a bag of words: source position, metre and oral presentation all help identify the verse.

Phrase guidance

Read the prayer closely without turning it into a health guarantee

tryambakam is the accusative form of Tryambaka, the figure addressed in the mantra. In later devotional explanation it is very commonly connected with the “three-eyed” Shiva. The source metadata itself identifies the deity as Rudra, so this page does not pretend that every later etymology or iconographic explanation is already spelled out by the Ṛgvedic line.

yajāmahe is a first-person plural middle-form verb from the root yaj, giving the prayer its “we worship / we sacrifice to / we honour ritually” movement. sugandhim literally carries the idea of being fragrant. Devotional interpreters may read fragrance symbolically, but SlokaSandra keeps the literal image visible before moving to metaphor. puṣṭivardhanam combines ideas of nourishment, thriving or fullness with increasing/fostering. Rendering it as “fostering nourishment” is intentionally modest; it is not a biomedical claim.

urvārukam iva gives the memorable comparison with an urvāruka, a cucurbit or gourd-like fruit. Historical English translations often choose “cucumber,” while other explanations use “ripe fruit” or “gourd.” The comparison is the important grammatical picture: release from attachment or binding as a mature fruit separates from what holds it. The exact botanical species is not necessary for the devotional point, so the page avoids pretending that one modern crop identification is certain.

bandhanān mṛtyor is the continuous saṃhitā presentation. The padapāṭha separates the underlying forms as bandhanāt and mṛtyoḥ. This is a sandhi/presentation distinction, not evidence for two competing mantras. mukṣīya expresses a wish for release. mā amṛtāt, heard continuously as māmṛtāt, introduces the final contrast often rendered along the lines of “not from immortality.” SlokaSandra keeps the prayerful grammar visible rather than converting it into a promise that chanting can prevent physical death.

Hymn context

Verse 12 changes the addressee after eleven Marut verses

Ṛgveda 7.59 is not twelve repetitions of the same devotional theme. The Vedic Heritage Portal labels verses 1–11 for the Maruts and identifies verse 12 separately with Rudra. English Wikisource’s public-domain Griffith translation likewise presents the first eleven verses in a Marut setting and then translates the Tryambaka verse as the hymn’s twelfth and final verse.

That source sequence is useful because modern presentations often extract only the famous final mantra. Extraction is not inherently wrong — living devotional traditions routinely preserve verses independently — but a reference library should still tell the reader where the verse came from. Knowing its place in the hymn makes the page more informative without insisting that every modern worshipper must reproduce the whole sūkta.

It also prevents a subtle editorial mistake: later names, ritual frameworks and theological explanations should not be inserted into the ancient source block as if they were part of the same textual layer. SlokaSandra can honour living tradition while keeping the provenance graph honest.

Cross-Vedic transmission

The mantra also appears in Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā 3.60

The current Vedic Heritage Portal page for the Vājasaneyi Madhyandina Saṃhitā, Adhyāya 3, prints the Tryambaka wording at mantra 60 in a Rudra-related sequence. That is valuable transmission context, but it does not erase the distinct source identity of Ṛgveda 7.59.12. The Vājasaneyi passage has its own surrounding material and textual setting.

SlokaSandra therefore treats the Yajurvedic occurrence as a related witness, not as permission to synthesize every Vedic or post-Vedic ritual form into one “canonical” mantra. When a tradition adds , स्वाहा, bīja syllables, nyāsa formulae, repetitions or ritual instructions, those belong to a separately attributed practice layer. None of those additions is silently placed inside the primary Ṛgveda 7.59.12 canonical block on this page.

Later devotional name

Why the page says “Tryambaka” first and “Mahāmṛtyuñjaya” second

“Mahāmṛtyuñjaya mantra” is the widely recognized later devotional name and is useful for discovery. The Ṛgvedic source itself, however, is identified by its opening word tryambakam, its verse number and its source metadata; the Vedic Heritage page does not present “Mahāmṛtyuñjaya” as the canonical title of mantra 7.59.12.

Using both names with different labels solves two problems at once. Readers can find the prayer by the name they know, while the page avoids back-projecting a later title into the source witness. The same principle applies to Shiva identification: later Hindu devotion strongly associates the mantra with Shiva as Tryambaka, while the Vedic metadata for this verse names Rudra. Those statements can coexist when their layers are kept explicit.

Text and recitation integrity

Vedic pronunciation is not ordinary Sanskrit text-to-speech

  1. त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहेtryambakaṃ yajāmahe
  2. सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम्sugandhiṃ puṣṭivardhanam
  3. उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान्urvārukam iva bandhanān
  4. मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ मामृता॑त्mṛtyor mukṣīya māmṛtāt
Audio status: awaiting verified recitation.

The Vedic accent marks shown here are pronunciation-sensitive. SlokaSandra will not publish generic TTS or ordinary Sanskrit chanting as an authoritative Vedic recitation. A future recording must be expert-reviewed for pronunciation and have clear publication rights. Even then, the normal interface will remain in-site listening with play, slow and repeat controls — no audio download button and no direct-download affordance.

Claims boundary

A prayer about death and release is not medical treatment

The wording naturally invites reflection on mortality, release, fear and immortality, and later devotional communities may recite it in times of illness, danger, grief or spiritual practice. SlokaSandra can describe those uses as religious tradition. It will not state that chanting cures disease, prevents death, guarantees longevity, restores immunity, ensures fertility, produces wealth, secures legal outcomes, or replaces professional care.

This distinction protects both devotional respect and factual integrity. A person may value the mantra deeply without needing the website to convert faith into measurable biomedical or financial promises. Where traditions describe spiritual benefit, the page labels that as traditional belief or practice rather than scientific certainty.

Copyright and media provenance

Reference the Vedic Heritage Portal; do not copy its recitation media

Media provenance: no Vedic Heritage Portal audio/video and no Shiva/Rudra artwork is copied into SlokaSandra for this profile. The Vedic Heritage Portal’s copyright policy, updated on 26 July 2026, says its website contents cannot be reproduced partially or fully without written permission from IGNCA or the contributor. SlokaSandra therefore uses the portal as a linked verification source and does not mirror its recitation video into R2.

No decorative deity image is used merely to fill the hero. If artwork is added later, the exact creator, source, licence or original-generation record and local asset provenance must travel with the file. This keeps the devotional presentation respectful while avoiding uncertain-license scraping.

Sources & verification

What this page was checked against

Verified 22 August 2026. Source roles are separated so a translation witness is not silently treated as the canonical Sanskrit authority.