Bhagavad Gita · Chapter 12 · Verse 13

अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां

A source-grounded reference to the opening of chapter 12’s portrait of the devotee dear to Krishna: non-hatred toward beings, friendliness, compassion, freedom from possessiveness and ego, steadiness through pleasure and pain, and forbearance.

Canonical SanskritIASTKrishna · Bhagavad GitaVerified 25 August 2026
Canonical text
अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च ।
निर्ममो निरहंकारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ॥१२.१३॥
IAST transliteration

adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca |
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ kṣamī || 12.13 ||

Text witness note: SlokaSandra preserves the Devanagari from the Sanskrit Wikisource Bhaktiyoga witness and checks the verse’s chapter position against the public-domain Besant/Bhagavan Das edition. The IAST is a transliteration of the checked Sanskrit, not a substitute canonical text.

Phrase by phrase

Read the qualities as a connected devotional ethic

The verse links how the practitioner relates to other beings with how the practitioner understands possession, ego, pleasure, pain and forbearance. It is not a seven-item personality test, and it does not demand emotional numbness.

adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām

One who hates no being

Adveṣṭā is stronger than merely avoiding open conflict. The traditional commentaries treat absence of hatred as part of a disciplined relation to all beings. That ideal does not require pretending harmful conduct is harmless or refusing necessary boundaries.

maitraḥ

Friendly

The word carries the sense of friendliness or a disposition of friendship. In this verse it follows non-hatred, moving the ethical picture beyond neutrality toward constructive relation.

karuṇaḥ

Compassionate

Compassion here is a spiritual quality of concern for suffering. It is not a promise that kindness alone resolves another person’s illness, trauma, poverty or danger, and it does not replace professional help where that is needed.

nirmamaḥ

Free from the claim of “mine”

Mama means “mine”; nirmamaḥ points toward freedom from possessive identification. SlokaSandra does not turn that philosophical ideal into advice to abandon ordinary responsibilities, property rights or care obligations.

nirahaṅkāraḥ

Free from egoic self-importance

The term concerns ahaṅkāra, the “I”-making or ego principle in philosophical vocabulary. It is not a clinical diagnosis and should not be used to shame a person for having needs, boundaries or a healthy sense of self.

sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ

Steady in pain and pleasure

Traditional readings describe a steadiness in relation to unpleasant and pleasant experience. That does not mean pain should be ignored, grief should be suppressed, or a person should remain in danger to prove spiritual balance.

kṣamī

Forbearing or forgiving

Kṣamī can be rendered through forbearance, patience or forgiveness. The spiritual ideal must not be weaponized to tell someone to remain in abuse, violence, coercion or discrimination. Forgiveness and physical or legal safety are different questions.

Chapter context

Verse 12.13 begins a sequence, not an isolated moral slogan

Bhagavad Gita chapter 12 is commonly titled Bhaktiyoga. Earlier in the chapter, Arjuna asks about modes of devotion and the discussion moves through practices of fixing the mind on Krishna, disciplined action and relinquishment of attachment to results. Verse 12.12 concludes a progression in which renunciation of the fruit of action is followed by peace. Verse 12.13 then turns toward qualities of the devotee.

The public-domain Besant/Bhagavan Das witness preserves this sequence clearly: verse 12.12 speaks of practice, knowledge, meditation, renunciation of the fruit of action and peace; verse 12.13 begins with non-hatred, friendliness and compassion; verse 12.14 continues with contentment, discipline, resolve and dedication of mind and intellect. Verse 12.15 then extends the portrait through reciprocal non-disturbance—one from whom the world is not disturbed and who is not thrown into agitation by the world.

Reading 12.13 inside that sequence prevents two distortions. First, it is not a standalone instruction to “be nice” while everything else remains unchanged. Its vocabulary reaches into possessiveness, ego, emotional reactivity and forbearance. Second, it is not an instruction to erase one’s personality or endure every condition without response. The chapter presents an idealized devotional orientation toward Krishna, not a rule that a person in danger, illness or grief must appear calm.

Traditional readings

Shankara and Ramanuja share vocabulary but not identical frameworks

Shankara / Advaita: the Sanskrit commentary explains the non-hater as one who does not hate anything, even what may become a cause of personal suffering, because beings are seen in relation to the Self. He glosses maitraḥ through friendliness, karuṇaḥ through compassion toward suffering beings, nirmamaḥ through absence of the notion of “mine,” and nirahaṅkāraḥ through absence of the ego notion. He further explains equality in pleasure and pain as not being driven into ordinary attraction/aversion by them, and kṣamī as one who remains unshaken even under insult or injury. These explanations belong to Shankara’s ascetic/Advaita framework and should be named as such.

Ramanuja / Viśiṣṭādvaita: Ramanuja’s commentary emphasizes absence of hatred even toward beings who oppose or harm the practitioner, then frames friendliness and the devotee’s orientation through a theology of acts offered to Vāsudeva. His reading belongs to a devotional and karma-yoga framework in which mind and intellect are directed toward God and action is performed without attachment to personal reward.

Why separation matters: both commentators value non-hatred and disciplined devotion, but they do not simply provide interchangeable English synonyms. Their broader views of self, action, devotion and liberation differ. SlokaSandra therefore names the commentary layers rather than manufacturing a generic sentence such as “Hinduism teaches that good people never get angry.”

Learn carefully

Practice the verse in four sense units

  1. अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानांadveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ
  2. मैत्रः करुण एव चmaitraḥ karuṇa eva ca
  3. निर्ममो निरहंकारःnirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ
  4. समदुःखसुखः क्षमीsama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ kṣamī
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No recitation is published on this page. SlokaSandra does not label generated or unreviewed pronunciation as traditional or authoritative. If reviewed audio is added later, the normal experience remains in-site listening with play, slow and repeat controls — not an audio download feature.

Safety and claims boundary

Compassion and forbearance are not instructions to remain unsafe

Bhagavad Gita 12.13 is not presented as mental-health treatment, legal advice or a substitute for medical care. Kṣamī must not be used to pressure someone to stay in abuse, violence, coercion, stalking, discrimination or another unsafe environment. A person may practice compassion while still leaving, seeking protection, documenting harm, setting boundaries or asking qualified professionals for help.

Likewise, sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ is not a demand for emotional suppression. Experiencing grief, fear, anger, anxiety or distress does not by itself prove spiritual failure. The verse describes an ideal within a devotional text; people remain embodied, social and vulnerable to real events.

SlokaSandra does not use this verse to promise conflict-free relationships, physical protection, health or healing, wealth, employment, examination success, fertility, legal victory or any other guaranteed worldly outcome. Compassion is not a transaction by which a person purchases favorable results from the universe.

Related reading

Continue through chapter 12’s portrait of the devotee

Verse 12.13 opens the cluster of qualities; verse 12.14 continues with contentment, self-discipline, resolve and mind/intellect offered to Krishna; verse 12.15 adds the reciprocal theme of not disturbing the world and not being inwardly disturbed by it. Reading the verses together is more faithful to the chapter than turning one phrase into a slogan.

Continue to Bhagavad Gita 12.15 →
Read Bhagavad Gita 9.26 →
Read Bhagavad Gita 18.65 →

Sources & verification

Textual and commentary witnesses

Verified: 25 August 2026. Canonical Sanskrit plus Shankara and Ramanuja commentary context were checked against Sanskrit Wikisource’s Bhaktiyoga page. Verse placement and the 12.12–12.14 sequence were independently checked against the public-domain Besant/Bhagavan Das Discourse 12 witness. IIT Kanpur’s Gita Supersite is retained as an additional structured chapter/verse commentary reference. No modern copyrighted English translation is reproduced.

Editorial note: Transliteration and SlokaSandra rendering were prepared from the checked Sanskrit. Commentary summaries are editorial paraphrases identified by source/tradition, not quotations presented as SlokaSandra doctrine.